Molecular markers significantly increase the efficiency of plant breeding. With the help of molecular markers, it is possible to predict the manifestation of a trait in a plant within 8 hours. This makes it possible to carry out a preliminary selection and determine the most promising individuals. The results of laboratory tests are checked in the field with a much smaller number of candidates, which makes the selection process more efficient. Working with molecular markers requires knowledge of modern molecular genetic methods, the ability to choose the right method that is adequate to the goal. The creation of genotyping systems for the use of molecular markers in practical breeding is a complex task that requires both computational and laboratory analysis.